successful negotiations involving a granted patent with those involving a pending patent. Similarly, we identify the disclosure … effect by comparing the probability of successful negotiations involving a pending patent with those involving no patent. We … patent instead of a pending patent are 10 per cent more likely to be successfully completed (compared with an average …

not patents affect the direction of research but that scientists’ understanding of patent law; their recent experience …

existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate … to address problems with the current patent system: 3) How do patent pools, as a mechanism to mitigate litigation risks …

This paper explores several characteristics of patents in the biotechnology field, comparing and contrasting them to … patents in other fields of research. We find that biotechnology patents face a longer lag between application and grant date … patent, with a special weight on academic or scientific literature, foreign patents, and a tight circle of research fields …

, biotechnology, electronics, materials science and energy technologies. Furthermore, nanotechnology is showing a great potential in …