The central pillar of European climate policy, the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), is currently under scrutiny, as the allowance price is persistently low at around 5€/tCO2. The cap was met and emissions actually declined in recent years, ensuring the environmental effectiveness of...

This article explores how price linkages between carbon allowances and market fundamentals in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) vary over time. I adopt a multivariate GARCH model that allows the conditional correlation between carbon, energy and financial prices to change smoothly across...

This paper assesses the carbon exposure of European electric utilities covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). First, we rely on an asset pricing model to empirically determine the effect of carbon price risks on firm-specific cost of capital for a sample of 20 European utility...

The price of EU allowances (EUAs) in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) fell from almost 30€/tCO2 in mid-2008 to less than 5€/tCO2 in mid-2013. The sharp and persistent price decline has sparked intense debates both in academia and among policy-makers about the decisive allowance price...

This paper shows that extreme energy price changes, located in the 10% tails of the distribution, cluster across energy futures markets during the boom–bust cycle of 2006 to 2012. Using multinominal logit regressions, we find that the coincidence of such tail events cannot be explained solely...