"This paper examines the effects of industrial action and the impact of strike costs on the industrial action activity. Germany is characterised by having little industrial action. Within the framework of a wage bargaining model, it is argued that higher industrial action costs for the union...

"Judicial decisions concerning industrial action have strengthened the right to strike and made lockouts virtually impossible. Employers respond to such a shift in the power on the labour market with relocations and power on the goods market. In addition the trade unions are threatened by...

Using nationally representative workplace data for Britain we show that over the last quarter century union voice - especially union-only voice - has been associated with poorer climate, more industrial action, poorer financial performance and poorer labour productivity than nonunion voice and,...

Non-union direct voice has replaced union representative voice as the primary avenue for employee voice in the British private sector. This paper provides a framework for examining the relationship between employee voice and workplace outcomes that explains this development. As exit-voice theory...

Using nationally representative workplace data for Britain we show that over the last quarter century union voice – especially union-only voice – has been associated with poorer climate, more industrial action, poorer financial performance and poorer labour productivity than nonunion voice...

Mit den fortgesetzten Streiks bei der Deutschen Bahn und der Lufthansa wächst der Unmut über die Spartengewerkschaften. Sollte der Gesetzgeber die Tarifpluralität und das Handeln kleiner Gewerkschaften beschneiden? Norbert Berthold, Universität Würzburg, plädiert für Tarifpluralität...