Does development lead to the establishment of more democratic institutions? Over the past 50 years, the countries have … democracies with liberal institutions on the other. We develop a new empirical strategy that allows for the first time to estimate … the effects of development as well as changing unobserved country effects in driving democracy at these different stages …

Long-term growth in developing countries has been explained in four frameworks: ‘extractive colonial institutions … the disease environment on African long-term growth runs through a human capital channel rather than an extractive-institutions …, contra Acemoglu et al., (2001). Further, we find that instrumented human capital explains long-term growth better, and shows …

causes democracy. Existing studies establish a strong cross-country correlation between income and democracy, but do not … country fixed effects removes the statistical association between income per capita and various measures of democracy. We also … on democracy. Furthermore, we reconcile the positive cross-country correlation between income and democracy with the …

democracy disappears once including country fixed effects. This paper tests the hypothesis that the effect of income on … democracy might differ systematically across countries. A replication of the estimation in a less restrictive empirical … framework provides evidence for significant but heterogeneous effects of income on democracy for former colonies and non …

democracy disappears once including country fixed effects. This paper tests the hypothesis that the effect of income on … democracy might differ systematically across countries. A replication of the estimation in a less restrictive empirical … framework provides evidence for significant but heterogeneous effects of income on democracy for former colonies and non …

capita income causes the creation and the consolidation of democracy. We argue that existing studies find support for this … affect both the level of income per capita and the likelihood of democracy in a country, and failing to control for these … factors may introduce a spurious relationship between income and democracy. We show that controlling for these historical …

Papers relating the level of democracy to growth do not typically control for defferences within types of polity. This …

Despite the general belief among economists on the growth-enhancing role of international trade and significant trade … opening over the past 25 years, the growth performance of many developing economies, especially of those in Latin America and … Africa, has been disappointing. While this poor growth performance has many potential causes, in this paper I argue that part …