linear models. In this research that approach is enhanced using a microscopic traffic simulator, AIMSUN, and a gradient based …

I estimate the gradient among children 0 to 14 years old across different age groups using data from Indonesia. I find … that while the gradient is strong among the very young, it gets weaker and almost disappears among children older than 6. I … find that unequal mortality of children by socioeconomic status depresses the gradient among children 3 years old or …

for contemporary U.S. immigrants and evaluate whether their SES-BMI gradient patterns are shaped by underlying gradients … the United States, however, inverse gradient patterns are driven largely by higher weights among low-SES individuals …

and Wu [4] to define the discrete gradient of a function on a triangular mesh. We also use our new method to define the …