Unrestricted trade stimulates economic growth and bridges socio-economic gaps existing in differentcountries of the world. Pakistan has adopted trade liberalization policies since the late 1980s with the same expectations. This study has empiricallyanalyzed how trade liberalization has affected...

This study empirically investigates how shocks to monetary policy measures (short-term nominal interest rate and broad money supply) affect economic aggregates: output growth, price levels and nominal exchange rate. The study is carried out for Pakistan using quarterly data covering the period...

This study presents an analytical framework to examine the policy reaction function of a central bank in an open economy context while allowing for asymmetric preferences. The paper then empirically examines the policy rule obtained from this framework using quarterly data for the US, Canada,...

One of the more celebrated propositions found in international trade is the case that trade liberalization is associated with declining prices, so that protectionism is inflationary. In line with this view, Romer (1993) postulates the hypothesis that inflation is lower in small and open...

With the gradual reduction in trade barriers led by the process of globalisation, more emphasis is now being placed on promoting export competitiveness. Asia is the home of many of the world’s top rice exporters. The food-price crisis has divided Asia into “rice haves ” and “rice...

This study evaluates the impacts of the trade liberalization under Doha Round on basmati rice in Pakistan using a partial equilibrium model. Price integration analysis shows that there is a stable long-run relationship between farm gate price and wholesale price and between wholesale price and...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the short and the long run wheat demand elasticities in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – Using cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) techniques, the main objective of the study has been achieved. Findings – The...

This study tests long-run spatial market integration between price pairs of maize in four regional markets of Pakistan using cointegration and Error-Correction Model (ECM) approach. Hypotheses tests of market integration and causality are conducted using monthly wholesale maize prices in...

The study explores the causal relationship among export instability, income terms of trade instability and economic growth in India. By using the cointegration test and the vector error correction model for the period 1960 to 2008, the study demonstrates that there exists a long run equilibrium...