corruption offenses as we have identified in the extensive scientific researches conducted, which will be referred to, and based …

opportunities for corruption and organised crime to flourish. Clear operational independence with accountability is essential for …OECD indicators of structural policy show that policy changes in Italy since 1998 should have improved the environment … bodies monitoring and assessing the extent of corruption. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of …

This paper empirically investigates the connection between corruption and crime. Such linkage has been often … underestimated because corruption has been often analysed as a white-collar crime. In fact, it is not characterised by violence …. Recently, a theoretical connection has been suggested to highlight that corruption and crime can be considered strategic …

The combating of organized crime phenomenon, occupies modern societies with similar intensity that is occurred in … response to phenomena such as terrorism, corruption and drug trafficking. This phenomenon today because of economy … crime expansion in the international area, developing profitable activities. To its internationalization have contributed …

crime is also found to lead to episodes of corruption in the public administration sector. A series of robustness checks … analyses the role of organized crime in the allocation of public subsidies to businesses. We assemble an innovative data set on … of organized crime positively affects the probability of obtaining funding and the amount of public funds. Organized …

) the attack against high level public sector corruption (that is captured and feudalized by organized crime) and (iv) the … order to protect themselves. As a result, organized crime and high level corruption grow even when the expected punishment … crime and higher level corruption. The deterioration of institutional performance against criminal enterprises in …

This paper analyzes the impact of organized crime on the allocation of public transfers. We assemble an innovative data … rainfall in the XIX century and geographical shifters of land productivity. We show that organized crime greatly increases the … amount of public funds to businesses. Mafia is also found to lead to episodes of corruption in the public administration …

Organised crime is widely regarded as damaging to economic outcomes. This paper analyses the impact of organized crime … mafia activity and show that the presence of organized crime positively affects the probability of obtaining funding and the … amount of public funds. Mafia is also found to lead to episodes of corruption in the public administration sector. A series …

enforcers - on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions such as corruption, manager-auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is …