This article uses the concept of embodied exergy as metrics in designing incentive policy instruments to tackle the inefficiency of energy operations. Based on the second law of thermodynamics and energy’s economic properties as both a private commodity and a public good, it maintains that...

This paper aims to investigate the importance levels of the components in two groundwater remediation systems and examine the impact of each component on the whole system. Four measures are introduced including structural importance (SI), Birnbaum importance (BI), criticality importance (CI),...

In this paper, a semi-Markov decision model of a two-location inventory system with holdout transshipment policy is reviewed under the assumption of phase-type exponential replenishment lead time rather than exponential lead time. The phase-type exponential lead time more closely approximates...