A great deal of capital is required for socialist modernization. Where are these funds to come from? One source is external finance. However, this entails repayment of principal as well as interest, and owing to the limitations of one's ability to repay, the amount of external funds that can be...

The analysis of dynamics in traffic flow is an important step to achieve advanced traffic management and control in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Complexity and periodicity are definitely two fundamental properties in traffic dynamics. In this study, we first measure the complexity of...

Unethical conduct has reached crisis proportions in business (Walker et al., Wall Str J East Edn, 258(37):A1–A10, <CitationRef CitationID="CR150">2011</CitationRef>) and on today’s college campuses (Burke et al., CPA J, 77(5):58–65, <CitationRef CitationID="CR21">2007</CitationRef>). Despite the evidence that suggests that more than half of business students admit to dishonest...</citationref></citationref>

Although computer simulation can be used to determine the distribution of the product of two triangularly distributed variables for a specific application, a closed-form expression is preferable in general. Assuming independence, the closed-form probability density function of this product is...

Recently, various environmental problems have been generated with the rapid economic development in China. That’s because China currently over-emphasized economic development beyond environmental issues; therefore, now it is important to enforce optimal environmental policies in order to...

Increasing scarcity of freshwater resources and growing environmental awareness give rise to the use of reclaimed wastewater as an additional source of water supply. However, the amount of wastewater that can be reclaimed for reuse is subject to many factors, ranging from technical possibility...

Extant literatures discuss a firm's security issuance implications of heterogeneous beliefs with explicit assumption that short selling is forbidden. However, it is widely accepted that short sale constraints exist when investors are unable to short stock to the extent they desire. This paper...

Ammonia–water mixtures have been used as working fluids in absorption–refrigeration cycles for several decades. Their use as multi-component working fluids for power cycles has been investigated recently. The thermodynamic properties required are known or may be calculated at elevated...