The heat waves of 2003 in Western Europe and 2010 in Russia, commonly labelled as rare climatic anomalies outside of previous experience, are often taken as harbingers of more frequent extremes in the global warming-influenced future. However, a recent reconstruction of spring–summer...

We analyze the first representative series of individual measurements of the height of Swiss conscripts for the years 1875–1950. We find that average height followed a general upward time trend, but the economic downturn in the 1880s slowed down the increase in rural average-heights while the...

[fre] Alors que la stabilité financière prend une part croissante dans les préoccupations des banques centrales, des inquiétudes se sont exprimées face au rôle limité reconnu à la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) dans ce domaine. Il convient donc de s'efforcer de répondre à deux...

While much attention has focused on the factors that brought about the so-called new economy, much less attention has been paid to optimal policy responses following the establishment of the new economy. In the third article, Gilbert Cette and Christian Pfister from the Bank of France provide...

[fre] Comme il ne paraît ni souhaitable ni possible d'instituer un prêteur international en dernier ressort, il faut plutôt rechercher comment le cadre existant peut être aménagé pour pallier les défaillances des marchés internationaux de capitaux. Deux voies complémentaires sont à...

[fre] "New economy" and monetary policy. . The emergence and diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) raise potential growth along uncertain proportions and for an indeterminate period. This speeding up of growth and the partly transitory slowdown of inflation that cornes...

[eng] From the EMS to a Single Currency . An Analysis of the Monetary Aspects of the Treaty . Advocated by its instigators as creating a stable zone in Europe, the EMS has mainly strengthened the alignment of European economies with a low-inflation growth model. In the early 1990s, the EMS...