The processes of N-leaching in soil are characterized by enormous natural parameter variations. Robust methods are discussed to compute the possibilities or probabilities of an unwanted output, acknowledging input uncertainties. The inclusion of additional knowledge on input dependencies or on...

This article examines the differences in regulatory policies governing the provision of value-added services (VAS) in Germany and the USA, and the impact these policies have had on market development. There follows a detailed discussion of how supply-side and demand-side factors are affecting...

This article examines the development of value-added services (VAS) in the USA and is the companion to an article by the same authors in the last issue of Telecommunications Policy, which focused on Germany. There is a detailed discussion of how demand-side and supply-side factors are affecting...

In 1985 the West Germany government instituted a Government Commission for Telecommunications. After more than two years of work, the commission proposed ways to restructure the telecommunications systems in West Germany. The final report, containing these proposals, was adopted by the...