Local clusters and the co-location of firms are repeatedly related to a high level of innovativeness in the literature. The underlying argument is that firms that are co-located with other firms of the same industry undertake more innovation than “lonely” firms because of spillovers, local...

The possibilities for the use of patent data as indicators for research and development activities as well as for technological and economic structures and developments constitute an important tool for observation and analysis. Through a recently developed concordancy system between the...

This article undertakes a quantitative investigation on the patent applications and the resulting patent documents appearing in English, French, German, Japanese and Russian. Utility model applications filed with the German Patent Office and the Japanese Patent Office are included in this study.