Purpose – New non-equilibrium systems theory is a very important theoretical and methodological base of survey and understanding of contemporary economic systems and processes. Equilibrium is considered one of the basic conditions of existence and evolution of natural and social systems,...

This paper argues that a new economic system is emerging in the world economy, that of the new traditional economy. Such an economic system simultaneously seeks to have economic decision making embedded within a traditional socio‐cultural framework, most frequently one associated with a...

In the first years following the Korean War (1950‐1953), the centrally‐directed economy of North Korea had been larger in per capita income and had grown more rapidly than the more loosely‐controlled economy of South Korea. However, in the absence of rational and strategic economic...

In recent years, comprehensive community sports clubs have offering several kinds of sports classes for children. However, there are no clear criteria about the prices charged for these classes. At the same time, to meet members' satisfaction levels, it is very important for managers of...

People who have a poor sense of direction are called 方向オンチ (houkou-onchi) in Japanese. What makes those people houkou-onchi? What are the differences between people who get lost and others? In an attempt to answer these questions, three applications were developed using virtual reality...