Summary Planned ‘‘surprise’’ devaluations are often spurred by non-economic circumstances: a rentseeking government; political instability; or the opportunity to put the blame on a predecessor government. In this paper, these aspects are incorporated in the monetary and fiscal policy...

In recent years, social media has become one of the most important political marketing tools. The aim of the research is to determine how university students voting have attitudes towards political messages run across several different social media channels. Undergraduate students in Tekirdag...

Estimating the spatial organization of cities yields insights into interactions over a spatial structure, and thus creating efficient subcenters with more balanced distribution of travel patterns over urban agglomerations can be exercised via models which support an evidence-based spatial...

Based on the components of new media, this article focuses on the intersection between communication networks and content (media) through personal connections and cable/interactive television. First, it analyzes how connections through social networking as a communication and power maintenance...