answering two specific questions: (1) what are the demographic factors which affect annual online expenditure and, (2) what is …-shoppers revealed significant association between annual online expenditure and demographic factors like city of residence, age, gender … revealed some surprising results. For example, the highest online expenditure slab for annual expenditure done among different …

both countries studied. Unidirectional causality running from economic growth to defense expenditure is only found for …Purpose – The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between defense expenditure and economic growth …‐Granger cointegration methodology and Granger causality test are used. Findings – It is found that these two variables are cointegrated for …

allowing for heterogeneous country effects. Regarding the panel‐based error correction model and the Granger causality test …

‐run series as extensions of aggregate‐type data in the Consumer Expenditure Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.  …

real M2 aggregate, real expenditure components, exchange rate, and inflation rate are cointegrated for Malaysia, the … major components of final expenditure (GDP) – final consumption expenditures (private and government sectors), expenditures …

expenditure in the case of the European Union‐15. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses fixed panel models, random … military expenditure and on the share of investment. However, on the whole, the findings do not seem to point to any consistent … expenditure. On the other hand however, reduced investment and capital stock have been reported as a possible negative economic …

2009. Findings – Short‐run results indicate unidirectional causality from revenues to expenditures. Long‐run results …