emission in the long run; the trade volume does not directly affect the emission of CO 2 in Japan. Besides, the ratio of the …, trade and commerce, focusing on different regions, including the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Investigation from … a developed country perspective is understudied. Hence, this research aims at analysing how trade and commerce …

Purpose – The economic linkages between China and Japan have been strengthened through both trade and Japanese direct … China on the Sino‐Japanese bilateral trade. Design/methodology/approach – An index, RRCA, was used to illustrate the changes … contributed not only to the increase of Chinese exports to Japan, but also to the increase of Chinese imports from Japan. This …

countries, with the exception of Japan and to some extent, South Korea. Originality/value – In this respect, the trade spillover …Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to incorporate the spillover effects of trade on East Asian productivity, namely … China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – This study …

/methodology/approach – Using time series data for the USA, Canada, Japan and Australia over the period 1960‐2008, the authors test the asymmetric … relationship between government size and terms‐of‐trade volatility by applying multivariate hidden cointegration analysis. Findings … – The findings show that high terms of trade volatility are positively related to government spending in the all sample …

Although substantial current account deficits can be sustained indefinitely, large deficits in goods and services trade … cannot be. Even to stabilise the current account deficit, the United States must restore balance in goods and services trade …

Purpose – To reflect on the process of trade between cultures. Design/methodology/approach – Fictional poem. Findings …