different postures depending on extent of environmental uncertainty and whether leaders are optimistic or pessimistic about …’s four postures – versatile (high uncertainty, positive sentiment), inquisitive (high uncertainty, negative sentiment …), focused (low uncertainty, positive sentiment), and vigilant (low uncertainty, negative sentiment) – call for different …

constant rate—exponential discounting. Euler equations estimated over different time horizons should have equal discount rates … but they do not. Rising term yield premia imply discount rates that rise with longer horizons since uncertainty is much … too small to account for the difference in interest rates. Such deviations from exponential discounting are large enough …

This paper introduces the concepts of amount and speed of a discounting procedure in order to generate well …-characterized families of procedures for use in social project evaluation. Exponential discounting sequesters the concepts of amount and … future. We propose geometrical and time horizon based measures of how rapidly a discounting procedure acquires its ultimate …

physical attributes. Second, benefit-cost analysis traditionally uses exponential discounting to reflect time preferences …, while behavioral research suggests that individuals’ discounting may be hyperbolic. While the appropriate rates and …

which they can manage discounting. Social implications – This article helps “penetrate the black box” of buyer decision …

future pricing challenges, new structures, price points, discounting rules and competitors.  …

. Most agricultural economics texts recommend discounting by the “cost of capital” while most finance texts recommend … discounting by the after‐tax cost of borrowed funds. Texts from both agricultural economics and finance disagree about the timing …