Abstract This paper presents a first estimation of the tourist test threshold for interchange fees that makes Peruvian small merchants indifferent between accepting cash and debit cards at the point of sale. We use the tourist test model (initially proposed by Rochet and Tirole), including tax...

This article describes how the rise in technological innovation has allowed for transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) to expand their operations using virtual platforms such as social media and online video games. These virtual platforms are utilized by TCOs to conduct some of their...

The challenges and emergence of a global economy and a Digital First World has created financial disruptions in e-commerce and e-business around the globe. The collaborations of banks with Fintech companies have led to digitalization being an important component of their business and marketing...

Abstract The argument in this paper is that international lawyers—scholars and practitioners alike—should be cognisant of the fact that different economic distributions within nations will lead to the establishment of different international legal systems in terms of their formation and...

Abstract Today, many regulators’ operations publish information derived from registration and reporting by charitable organizations and commercial fundraising firms. Similar publication is found in a variety of situations – restaurant sanitation notices and hospital re-infection rates, among...

Abstract Individuals often respond with strong emotions to being penalised. Such responses suggest that informal penalties are important and play a role in creating deterrence. In this paper informal penalties are analysed in the context of medical errors. The introduction of informal penalties,...

Regulations and policies contain a rich source of requirements and failure to address these authoritative requirements in software system development can impose costly penalties for regulatory noncompliance. Despite the advancement of information system research, regulatory requirements...

Abstract California’s Criminal Justice Realignment Act passed in 2011 shifted vast discretion for managing lower-level offenders from the state to the county, allocated over $2 billion in the first 2 years for local programs, and altered sentences for more than 100,000 offenders. Despite the...