Companies face a great challenge of balancing both risk and return on par. In today's volatile economic environment, success depends on strategically managing risks. All organisations accept risk in every decision that they take and risk management is therefore it is strategic when done...

The financial risk early warning system is important for promoting the sustainable development of enterprise, and in this article, the fish swarm algorithm is applied to it. First, the main financial risk factors of enterprise are summarized. Second, the index system of the financial risk early...

The assessment of businesses' credit risk is a difficult and important process in the area of financial risk management. In a classical multivariate model, financial ratios are combined in order to achieve a credit risk score, which signals if a loan application is approved or discarded. Despite...

This article describes how online shopping has been emerging as an important part of consumers' life style in almost all developed countries as well as developing countries. People can buy anything at any time and from anywhere through online shopping. Consumers have to deal with risks they...

The relationship between risk and return in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region stock markets is estimated during 2008 international financial crisis; including Jordan, KSA, Morocco, and Turkey. For comparison purpose, stock markets from Europe are also examined; including, FTSE (UK), CAC40...

In marketing one of the most common important tasks is to assign campaigns to sets of customers. These sets of customers, the target groups, consist of persons with similar properties, for example a high buying affinity for a certain product. Database marketers would not only assign a campaign...

This article describes how machines are the new breed of traders as news sentiment arrivals drive the stock price change. Strategies are the technical approach to search for profit from event-based speculations. This paper revisits these topics in a novel way and first uncovers distinctive...

The globalized economy is increasingly affecting small and medium-sized companies (SMEs). As markets and growth are moving outside Europe, SMEs need to find new global customers and build their market entries through export networks to remote locations which often have different cultures,...