This article seeks to better understand patterns of municipal incorporation in southern California between 1950 and 2010. Existing literature explains municipal fragmentation as a debate about efficiency versus social justice or the result of local conflicts over land use and race. This article...

This article introduces Time-Constrained Heuristic Search (TCS) as a route search technique that incorporates a cognitive aspect in self-driving vehicles. TCS is a search method using which we can set the time limit to generate a route in advance. The most important feature of TCS is that the...

This article proposes a route-planning method for an environment in which self-driving vehicles are widely used. Such vehicles generate a new route to avoid traffic congestion when it occurs. Through the self-developed traffic simulator, the author was able to clarify that it is not always best...

Purpose New services design and development are difficult to plan, execute, measure and evaluate. Particularly, new services that are capital-intensive and involve a long gestation and development time are considered extremely risky. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a list of innovative...

Purpose – This study aims to explore the challenges of truck-sharing and effective ways of dealing with those in achieving supply chain collaboration and collaboration in transportation management (e.g. transport collaboration) for transport capacity expansion, and reducing carbon emission and...

Radiotherapy is one of the main cancer treatments available today, together with chemotherapy and surgery. Radiotherapy treatments have to be planned for each patient in an individualized manner. The knowledge acquired from one single treatment can be used to improve the treatment planning and...

Abstract The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides food vouchers, nutritional counseling, and health care referrals to low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their young children. This paper uses duration models to study the factors that...

Abstract Robins et al. (2004 , Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors. Geneva: World Health Organization) introduced the extended g-formula to estimate from observational data the risk of failure under...

Abstract Marginal structural Cox Models (Cox MSMs) have been used to estimate the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on the hazard when there exist time-dependent confounders, which are themselves also affected by previous treatment. A Cox MSM can be estimated via the...

Abstract In studies of clinical phenotypes, such as dementia, disability, and frailty, participants are typically assessed at in-person clinic visits. Thus, the precise time of onset for the phenotype is unknown. The discreteness of the clinic visits yields grouped event time data. We...