Summary In this paper, we provide some reflections on the development of monetary theory and monetary policy over the last 150 years. Rather than presenting an encompassing overview, which would be overambitious, we simply concentrate on a few selected aspects that we view as milestones in the...

Abstract Der ‘Big Trade Off’, den Arthur Okun schon vor über dreißig Jahren formulierte, ist zurück. Ökonomische Effizienz und soziale Gleichheit erscheinen unvereinbar. Oder anders: Moderne Gesellschaften müssen sich zwischen der Scylla hoher Einkommensungleichheit oder der Charybdis...

Effective decision-making requires economic analysis to be beneficial in a project environment. Producing effective economic decisions is based on various factors and methods, including payback period (PBP), internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). Once projects are...

Global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions and the growing energy needs of the world, has forced the world into thinking differently about energy sources and sustainable development, giving rise to the field of biofuels. Research and introduction of new technologies do, by their very nature,...

There is not only one currency and an exact predictable parity for each currency in the globe. This makes the accomplishment of international business and trade operations complicated owing to the fact that the mandatory usage of strong currencies in international trade. However, business...

Economic growth is indispensable for the development of a country and welfare of its citizens. Economic activities can be improved with the enhancement of business sectors within its structure. Furthermore, exportation is a substantial means of reinforcing economic growth. In this research, the...