Abstract This paper estimates size and impact factors of the gender pay gap in Europe. It adds to the literature in three aspects. First, we update existing figures on the gender pay gaps in the EU based on the Structure of Earnings Survey 2010 (SES). Second, we enrich the literature by...

Purpose – This paper aims to develop and implement a new approach of ranking countries according to their level of economic competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach – Competitiveness is conceptualized as the degree of participation in global integration, measured by the levels of...