Purpose Years after the 2011 uprising Egypt, it seems that the country's non-Islamist parties are still included in the political game. After significant alterations in their political sphere by mid-2013 at the advent of the Muslim Brother exclusion and the subsequent discrediting of Salafi...

After investigating the New Egyptian Mixed (Parallel) Electoral System using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was concluded that the system applied for the first time in 2015 has its advantages but needs amendments.These amendments are necessary due to four factors: shortcomings...

Autocratic elections are often marred with systematic intimidation and violence toward voters and candidates. When do authoritarian regimes resort to violent electoral strategies? Why do some electoral contests suffer more violence than others in autocracies? I argue that electoral violence acts...

This study evaluates the effects of the current Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Agreement for the EU and the Mediterranean region, in order to assist policy makers in defining the next steps in the Euro-Mediterranean Road map till 2010 and beyond. It provides quantitative, qualitative and sectoral...

The evaluation covers the Commission’s co-operation with the Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC) implemented under the MEDA II Regulation over the period 2000-2006. It includes Commission funds managed by the European Investment Bank (EIB). Geographically it covers the MEDA-8 countries...

The European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) was created as a successor to the cooperation programmes TACIS (for the Eastern European countries) and MEDA (for the Mediterranean countries), with enlarged objectives and an increased budget. It was operational from January 2007, and...