After three decades of public financial management reforms, around three quarters of OECD countries are using accrual accounting with some adopting accrual budgeting as well (OECD Accruals 2016 Survey). This is however a sensitive time: questions are increasingly being raised on the cost and...

Based on five case studies, this paper looks at the definition and classification of fiscal risks; sets out the components of a comprehensive fiscal risks framework; and examines how to operationalise such a framework. It then summarises challenges and key lessons to be considered by countries...

The Republic of Kazakhstan is the largest economy in central Asia, and one of the fastest growing in the region. Having benefited from oil wealth as well as a diversifying and liberalised economy, Kazakhstan envisages a progressive modernisation of the political, administrative and juridical...

Gender inequality is an important and visible issue for OECD countries and the costs are borne at both social and economic levels. In line with the 2015 OECD Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life, gender budgeting ensures that gender equality considerations are taken systematically...

This review provides an overview of the budgetary landscape in Thailand and identifies the legal and constitutional aspects that impact on the planning, preparation and reporting of the budget. It then discusses strategic planning elements of the budget, specifically fiscal objectives,...

Thailand set out a commitment to introduce gender budgeting in its 2017 Constitution. This Gender Budgeting Action Plan, prepared at the request of the Thai government, assesses the extent to which the necessary foundations are in place to develop and implement an effective approach to gender...