This paper contributes to the normative literature on mitigation and adaptation by analyzing their optimal policy … substantive emission reductions, do not succeed. The policy balance is realigned from adaptation toward more mitigation, and the … responsiveness of mitigation to changes in adaptation decreases. Compared to a world without climate catastrophes, risk reduces the …

impact of mitigation and adaptation finance on national emissions of recipient countries. We test the derived hypothesis … using carbon emissions data of non-OECD countries in the last 20 years. We find that public adaptation and mitigation …