Der Primärenergieverbrauch in Deutschland war im Jahre 2005 mit knapp 486 Mill. t SKE (14 238 Petajoule) um 1,3 % niedriger als im Jahr zuvor. Verbrauchsmindernd dürften sich vor allem die erneut kräftig gestiegenen Energiepreise ausgewirkt haben, wodurch die verbrauchsstimulierenden Effekte...

In this paper we investigate crude oil and products price dynamics. We present a comparison among ten price series of crude oils and fourteen price series of petroleum products, considering four distinct market areas (Mediterranean, North Western Europe, Latin America and North America) over the...

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of crude oil price on global fertilizer prices in both the mean and volatility. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test, ARDL model, and alternative volatility models, including GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR models, are used to...

This paper investigates the time-series properties of the price of iron ore. The focus is on testing a unit-root null hypothesis against a trend-stationary alternative, with a structural break allowed under both hypotheses. We consider unit-root tests with or without structural breaks, applied...