This paper provides a framework to evaluate human life based on civil court decisions on damages for pain and suffering. Using judgements from Germany and Austria over the last 25 years, we calculate an average Value of Damages for Pain and Suffering (VDPS) of about EUR 1.79 millions, with a...

Article 273 TFEU allows EU Member States to elect the Court of Justice by way of a special agreement as a forum to decide any dispute between them that relates to the subject matter of the EU Treaties. While this basis for jurisdiction was already included in the ECSC Treaty, the Court had to...