nationally-representative household-level data. We find that natural gas consumption is weakly correlated with household income … somewhat weaker still when we consider alternative indicators of household financial stress, such as poverty status or number … of children in the household. We show, for example, that poor households with multiple children would receive lower bills …

distortion. This paper compares appliance ownership patterns between homeowners and renters using household-level data from the … Residential Energy Consumption Survey. The results show that, controlling for household income and other household characteristics …