Volatility has been used as an indirect means for predicting risk accompanied with an asset. Volatility explains the variations in returns. Forecasting volatility has been a stimulating problem in the financial systems. This study examined the different volatility estimators and determined the...

Volatility had been used as an indirect means for predicting risk accompanied with the asset. Volatility explains the variations in returns. Forecasting volatility had been a stimulating problem in the financial systems. The study examined the different volatility estimators and determined the...

A simple methodology is presented for modeling time variation in volatilities and other higher-order moments using a recursive updating scheme similar to the familiar RiskMetricsTM approach. We update parameters using the score of the forecasting distribution. This allows the parameter dynamics...