To address questions about how stronger patent rights will affect India's pharmaceutical industry, the author simulates the effects of introducing such protection - as required by the World trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) - on market structure...

In a large cross-country sample of manufacturing establishments drawn from 188 cities, average exports per establishment are smaller for African firms than for businesses in other regions. The authors show that this is mainly because, on average, African firms face more adverse economic...

Strategic interaction between public and private actors is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of agricultural market performance in Africa and elsewhere. Trust and consultation tend to positively affect private activity while uncertainty of government behavior impedes it. This...

Drawing on evidence about industrial organization and market structure, the authors develop a computable general equilibrium model in selected industrial sectors with increasing returns to scale. They use this model to estimate the welfare gains Korea would realize from abolishing the import...

It is a common perception that primary commodity prices tend to move together. This perception is especially common among commodity traders who may justify an increase in the price of one commodity because the prices of other commodities have increased. This commodity price co-movement can be...

The author first describes those features of the electricity supply industry that make a prospective market monitoring process essential to a well-functioning wholesale market. Some of these features are shared with the securities industry, although the technology of electricity production and...

This estimated model of corn, sorghum, and soybeans markets (USAGMKTS) serves as the U.S. agricultural sector in a study of the effects of U.S. agriculture and macroeconomic policy on Mexico's agricultural sector. This model of U.S. corn, sorghum, and soybeans markets also includes U.S. markets...

Commodity linked bonds have received considerable attention recently as a way to tailor a developing country's debt repayments to its ability to pay. This report presents a method for pricing commodity-linked bonds in the presence of default risk and a commodity price risk. The advantage of this...

A cornerstone of the auction literature is the theory of"optimal auctions."'This theory uses mechanism design techniques to characterize, in general settings, the auction that maximizes the seller's expected revenues. One feature of the solution is that typically there is a conflict between the...

To study the effects of tariffs on gross domestic product (GDP), one needs import demand elasticities at the tariff line level that are consistent with GDP maximization. These do not exist. The authors modify Kohli's (1991) GDP function approach to estimate demand elasticities for 4,625 imported...