Short lived arbitrage opportunities arise when prices adjust with a lag to new information. They are toxic because they … expose dealers to the risk of trading at stale quotes. Hence, theory implies that more frequent toxic arbitrage opportunities … triangular arbitrage. As predicted, illiquidity is higher on days when the fraction of toxic arbitrage opportunities and …

Toxic arbitrage opportunities are caused by information arriving in one market leading to short lived price deviations … between markets. This paper shows that the direction of such arbitrage opportunities provides valuable insights into price … unbiased measure of information shares based on the frequency of toxic arbitrage opportunities. This measure has several …