This article recaptures the philosophy of Nyerere and the idea of Ujamaa (familyhood) in modern African socialism … Africa caused by colonialism, misrule, and corruption have called for backwards-looking and integration to prevent political … indigenous solutions to Africa’s problems. This article recommends that African leaders need re-invent indigenous political …

Africa continues to face serious development challenges. Such challenges as dependency, corruption, underdeveloped … infrastructure and production sectors, leadership and governance, etc are some of the impediments to Africa’s quest for sustainable … scholars, Africa’s underdevelopment can adequately be explained by its forceful and uneven integration into the global economic …