Within the broad agenda of economic development, we suggest a model of leadership production and selection which shows how the optimal number of people required to bridge the gap between actual and potential economic performance could be raised and selected into public office. The honesty and...

During the past two decades, advances toward a truly global economy were driven by the role of Multinational Enterprises (MNE). The progress of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has raised many controversies in the ways these foreign investors conduct their businesses in developing countries. More...

The paper sketches the history of environmentalism by tracing the contours of the post industrialised world. The pantheistic relationship between man and nature was seriously compromised and their interaction became complicated by increasing inequality and poverty of the working classes and the...

Widows - both child and adult in Tanzania, as in many other parts of the world, face discrimination on a regular basis. Such discrimination commonly destroys a woman's ability to live a life outside of poverty. In the face of the suffering and injustice widows endure throughout Africa, and...

The purpose of our paper is to provide a commentary on the key challenges facing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) international tourism marketing strategies. The rationale for the paper is that tourism, both domestic and international, and in all its genres...

Bullying is relatively common and is considered to be a public health problem among adolescents worldwide. The present study examined the risk factors associated with bullying behavior among adolescents in a lower-middle-income country setting. Data on 6235 adolescents aged 11–16 years,...

The objective of this paper is to present to the scientific community a new dataset derived from existing literature on soil respiration in Africa. The data has thus been obtained by searching for records in peer review papers and grey literature. The main search engines used are: Scientific...

It is impossible to think about democracy without elections. The litmus test of any electoral process in any country is the possibility of a one time minority to become a majority at another time and a peaceful transition of power. In many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa though the multi-party...

The question of inviting international election observers to monitor an election is one of the most controversial issues in Africa. Most of the time, the presence of international election monitors in emerging democracies is important to measure whether or not an election is conducted in a free...

This paper examines the impact of policies and programs implemented by Democratic Presidents in the United States on the economic predicament of African Americans. Policies and programs implemented by the Clinton Administration between 1992 and 2000 were examined to better understand the extent...