Vast empirical evidence underscores that exporting firms are more productive than non-exporters. As governments … firms significantly learn-by-exporting. Manufacturers obtain significant performance improvements due to … internationalization although this effect is moderated by export destination. Firms that export outside Africa become more capital …

productivity (TFP) of African manufacturing firms. This measure is understood to include quality in the provision of customs … African firms. …

potentially more attractive) and alternatively raising tax rates (potentially slowing down the formalization of the economy if … different sectors and the impact of tax changes on the extent of informality in developing countries is, however, very limited …

If corrupt bureaucrats target registered firms, then corruption may discourage registration. Using data from a survey … registered firms. The paper finds results consistent with the cross-country evidence—registered firms appear to be more concerned … about corruption than unregistered firms. This suggests that remaining informal and out-of-sight might reduce the burden of …

Recent firm-level surveys suggest that petty corruption is a serious problem for African firms, costing the average … firm in many countries between 2.5 and 4.5 percent of sales. However, a minor difference in the way firms answer the … question has a large effect on estimates of the size of the burden. On average, firms report payments that are between four and …