This paper innovatively establishes the interrelationship between type I agency costs (conflicts between managers and shareholders) and type II agency costs (conflicts between controlling and minority shareholders). We further analyze the impact of agency cost interactions on the volatility of...

The phenomenon of family governance in Chinese family businesses may not only signal a high second-party agency cost that infringes on the interests of small and medium shareholders, but it may also signal this as a stable governance structure. Based on the theory of signal transmission, this...

The paper examines the motivation and consequences of Golden Parachute (GP) contracts in the context of TBEA, a Chinese company whose GP payment was 1,000 times executive annual salary and which rescinded its GP provision in 2019. We find that for TBEA, whose ownership is dispersed,...