Higher life expectancy and feminization of work have changed the life course. These developments require changes in the way society organizes work and accumulates and maintains human capital over the life cycle. This paper describes various reforms aimed at preventing Europe from becoming a...

Pension systems are under serious pressure worldwide. This pressure stems not only from the well-known trend of population aging, but also from those of increasing heterogeneity of the population and increasing labour mobility. The current economic crisis has aggravated these problems, thereby...