This paper extends the Nordhaus DICE model to include the demands for coal, oil, and natural gas. These demands depend on own price, prices of substitute fuels, per capita income, and population. An augmented Hotelling model captures the effect of depleting oil resources. A methodological...

Since the mid 1980s Latin American and Caribbean countries have unilaterally liberalized their economies and have started a new wave of economic integration that led to the establishment of 25 trade agreements between 1990 and 1994. The Group of Three (G-3) Free Trade Agreement, comprising...

We show how leakage differs, depending on the biofuel policy and market conditions. Carbon leakage is shown to have two components: a market leakage effect and an emissions savings effect. We also distinguish domestic and international leakage. International leakage is always positive, but...

With the persistant changes in technology and increased competition in food manufacturing, it is important to reassess the effects of agglomeration economies and market access on the performance of firms in the industry. Using survey data from a recent survey of New York state food processors,...

The purpose of this study is to understand the implications of farm-to-farm and regional variations in nitrogen runoff and leaching for targeting specific policies to reduce nutrient contamination. To do this, we estimate 3D-year distributions of nitrate runoff and leaching for individual soils...