This study reports an effort to improve estimates of the cost of reconstituted milk relative to fresh milk. The cost advantage of reconstituted milk is calculated for representative plants in six cities across the U.S. The implications for farm prices of lower cost reconstituted milk are discussed.

Since the mid 1980s Latin American and Caribbean countries have unilaterally liberalized their economies and have started a new wave of economic integration that led to the establishment of 25 trade agreements between 1990 and 1994. The Group of Three (G-3) Free Trade Agreement, comprising...

We show how leakage differs, depending on the biofuel policy and market conditions. Carbon leakage is shown to have two components: a market leakage effect and an emissions savings effect. We also distinguish domestic and international leakage. International leakage is always positive, but...

With the persistant changes in technology and increased competition in food manufacturing, it is important to reassess the effects of agglomeration economies and market access on the performance of firms in the industry. Using survey data from a recent survey of New York state food processors,...

The purpose of this study is to understand the implications of farm-to-farm and regional variations in nitrogen runoff and leaching for targeting specific policies to reduce nutrient contamination. To do this, we estimate 3D-year distributions of nitrate runoff and leaching for individual soils...

Brands have largely been absent for fresh produce products; however, apples are one notable exception whereby varieties partially take the place of brands. Studying the role of brands in this market is particularly interesting given the introduction of several patented or socalled managed apple...