by changes in wind, I show that higher levels of particulate matter lead to decreased agricultural productivity, with … changes in productivity of 10 percent being common. Combining wind direction with the rollout of coal plants, results indicate … pollution from coal plants has a larger effect on agricultural productivity than other types of pollution. Given that the …

mechanization on use of household and hired labor. Finally, agricultural mechanization significantly raises the productivity of …

, with large changes in productivity being common. The negative effects of pollution are larger in areas growing more labor …-intensive crops, indicating that the pollution works at least partly through direct effects on labor productivity. Finally, combining … induced by changes in wind across years, I show that higher levels of pollution lead to decreased agricultural productivity …