We study the short-term effects of the 9-Euro-Ticket, a major German public transport subsidization program, on particulate matter (PM). Using hourly PM readings from pollution monitoring stations throughout Germany, provided by the German Federal Environmental Agency, we find declines in...

An inverted-U relationship between GDP per capita and three urban transport-related emissions is tested (using data from 84 cities). Per capita urban transport-related emissions of CO, VHC, and NOx increase and then decline at observed income levels — a result driven by a similar inverted-U...

Using a stacked differences-in-differences approach, we study the effects of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) in Germany. The implementation of stage 1 and 2 LEZs, which banned the most pollution-intensive vehicles from city centers, significantly reduced PM10 concentrations. The most restrictive third...

This paper shows that differentiating driving costs by time of day and vehicle type help improve urban air quality, lower driving, and induce adoption of electric vehicles. By taking advantage of a congestion charge that imposed spatial and temporal variation in the cost of driving a...

We study the short-term effects of the 9-Euro-Ticket, a major German public transport subsidization program, on particulate matter (PM). Using hourly PM readings from pollution monitoring stations throughout Germany, provided by the German Federal Environmental Agency, we find declines in PM10...