The bear markets associated with the ongoing COVID-19 crisis present a test case to examine the traditionally expounded safe haven capabilities of gold and other precious metals, as well as the growing claims that bitcoin is the new “virtual gold” of our time. New evidence from our paper...

While uncertainty shocks affect equity markets at various investment horizons, knowledge about the causal effects of uncertainty and equity markets in the frequency domain is scant among the Group of Twenty (G20) countries regarded as systemically important economies. This paper explores the...