Some countries have announced national benchmark rates while some others have been working on the recent trend in which the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) will be retired at the end of 2021. Considering that Turkey announced the Turkish Lira Overnight Reference Interest Rate (TLREF), this...

Spot term structure is rarely available as its methodological procedures are complicated and therefore market participants substitute it with traditional term structure as an approximation. This paper proposes two hybrid optimisation algorithms consisting of traditional algorithms to reduce...

The yield curve is one of the fundamental input parameters of pricing theories in capital markets. Information about yields can be observed in a discrete form either directly through traded yield instruments (e.g. Interest Rate SWAP's) or indirectly through prices of bonds (e.g. Government...

For many economic time-series variables that are observed regularly and frequently, for example weekly, the underlying activity is not distributed uniformly across the year. For the aim of predicting annual data, one may consider temporal aggregation into larger subannual units based on an...

We provide a fast algorithm for calculating the fractional difference of a time series. In standard implementations, the calculation speed (number of arithmetic operations) is of order T^2, where T is the length of the time series. Our algorithm allows calculation speed of order T log T. For...

In this paper we present a very brief description of least mean square algorithm with applications in time-series analysis of economic and financial time series. We present some numerical applications; forecasts for the Gross Domestic Product growth rate of UK and Italy, forecasts for S&P 500...

We provide a fast algorithm for calculating the fractional difference of a time series. In standard implementations, the calculation speed (complexity) is of order T 2, where T is the length of the time series. Our algorithm allows calculation speed of order T log2 T . For moderate and large...

Modelling the growth rate of economic time series with a Markov switching process in their mean and/or their variance allows to take account of two facts that are often encountered in such series, namely that the periods in which each mean is prevailing differ in their duration and that the...

This paper proposes a novel and flexible framework to estimate autoregressive models with time-varying parameters. Our setup nests various adaptive algorithms that are commonly used in the macroeconometric literature, such as learning-expectations and forgetting-factor algorithms. These are...