Theorists of the Austrian school have long maintained that every realized price is market-clearing, in sharp contrast to the adherents of the neoclassical mainstream, who view realized prices as constituting a state of disequilibrium with a mismatch between demand and supply. The heart of these...

Our contribution offers a methodological exhibition of general equilibrium models with price and quantity signals. By the application of optimal value functions the household as well as the firm behaviour is modelled. The concepts of virtual prices and virtual quantities allow us to express...

In this paper a method is developed to derive prices for natural goods from information about material and energy flows within ecosystems. The derivation is based on an analogy between ecological and economic systems: both systems are characterized by flows of material and energy. To derive...