in the next quarter of the century in Europe, especially for mature women. This paper investigates the impact of the … of a North-South gradient in the effect of caring on women's mental health. …

Women contribute disproportionately to household production, especially in Southern European countries. As a …-production services. Immigrant labor has increasingly become a substitute for women labor in those services. Their presence, therefore …, may allow women over 55 to work more outside of the house and retire later. We use a unique database of Italian households …