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with annuities financed by Personal Retirement Accounts. We showed that such a combination could maintain the level of … retirement income projected in current Social Security law while avoiding a future increase in the payroll tax rate. The current … paper extends the earlier analysis in four ways: (1) We now specify that the funds deposited in the Personal Retirement …
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The ecological tax reform that Germany implemented between 1999 and 2003 increased energy tax rates-especially on gasoline and diesel. Today, the ecological tax hikes yield an annual revenue of around 20 billion euros or 0.6 percent of GDP. The money is used to finance a higher federal grant to...
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effects of early retirement disincentives on retirement behavior, individual welfare, pensions and public budget. We employ … retirement model. We find that labor market participation and retirement behavior in general are strongly influenced by the level …
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retirement behavior as low-skilled Germans. The results are consistent with low-skilled workers in Germany being frozen in a …
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close to retirement. The age pattern is partly explained by the positive effect of pension wealth on disability pensions …
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