This article proposes a definition of the a-spatial dimension of the proximity by adopting institutionalism point of view. In a first part, we distinguish institutional proximity and organisational proximity. According to the distinction suggested by Commons between institution and organization,...

Aeronautical group European EADS had many difficulties in 2006. The analyses converge to a \"problem of governance\". This report is not enough. We propose two complementary explanations: these difficulties of governance result from a too long distance, at the same time of a geographical and...