by parental socioeconomic status. We find that the achievement gap between top performing students (p90) and students …

children on higher order skills. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the parents of lower achieving students …The time children spend with their parents affects their development. Parenting programs can help parents use that time … parents of higher achieving students, weekday texts are more effective because weekdays are more challenging, but not so …

, we find that parents invest more in daughters than sons at ages 3-5. Moreover, parents’ beliefs about their children … arts over economics and STEM. If parents invest more in girls and early skill development shapes students’ later …Parental investments at early ages can shape children’s future educational specializations. Using a longitudinal study …

likelihood for children of uneducated parents to complete primary school. Overall, the evidence suggests that geographic and … differences in mobility reflect spatial sorting or their independent role. To isolate the two, we focus on children whose families …

educational mobility by exploiting within-family variation from children whose families moved during primary school age. While …

phones, education, occupation, and income to explain DL gaps. We find that men have a higher level of DL than women and that …, implying that reducing inequalities in access to mobile phones, education, occupation, and income can narrow the gaps …