When agents are liquidity constrained, two options exist - borrow or sell assets. We compare the welfare properties of these options in two economies: in one, agents can borrow (issue inside bonds) and in the other they can sell government bonds (outside bonds). All transactions are voluntary,...

This study analyzes the emergence of secular stagnation as the consequence of a rise in the preference for liquidity. Such a rise is caused by a persistent set of pessimistic expectations. This study also investigates the effectiveness of a broad range of demand-management policies in dealing...

We analyse euro area investors' portfolio rebalancing during the ECB's Asset Purchase Programme at the security level. Our empirical analysis shows that euro area investors (in particular investment funds and households) actively rebalanced away from securities targeted under the Public Sector...

We analyse euro area investors' portfolio rebalancing during the ECB's Asset Purchase Pro- gramme at the security level. Based on net transactions of domestic and foreign securities, we observe euro area sectors' capital ows into individual securities, cleaned from valuation effects. Our...