To many people, the terror of falling share prices is often significant, often more so than the pleasure of gains. Accordingly, investors often want to minimize downside volatility as a part of their portfolio planning. Investors already have several tools to measure downside volatility,...

This study investigates the benefits of using a more complex derivative strategy of a fund in relation to their performance and risk characteristics using samples of 3,382 individual hedge funds and 761 funds of hedge funds. The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that the...