Bonuses, as incentives or rewards for health-related behavior, feature prominently in German social health insurance. Their goal is centered around promoting personal responsibility, but reducing overall health-care expenditure and enabling competition between sickness funds also play a role....

Employer interest in offering financial incentives for healthy behaviors has been increasing. Some employers have begun to tie health plan-based rewards or penalties to standards based on tobacco use or biometric measures such as body mass index. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act...